The former player: 'I wanted to carry on my rugby career'
Warning: This article contains details of discriminatory language and behaviour
FormerEngland player Luther Burrell says that speaking out to expose racism in professional rugby led his career to an premature conclusion.
In a June 2022, Burrell described racism as being "rife" in the game, showing digital communications and remembering training ground "jokes" he had been subject to while playing for Newcastle.
At that time 34 and without a team, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been three appearances with guest team the Barbarians.
"I have absolutely had to end my career because of what happened," he told reporters.
"I really hoped to continue playing, of course I did. I sought that, and it collapsed when news came out that there were investigations going on.
"That was challenging - I had to simply accept the outcome and understand that this whole process is a lot bigger than me."
A sports organization report in 2023 found Burrell's claims were true "on the balance of probability", but said it could not collect sufficient proof to definitively say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's Six Nations games in 2014 and 2015, but was controversially excluded for their team for the 2015 tournament
Burrell revealed to media he also encountered discrimination within the England team environment, during a international career that saw him win 15 caps after his debut in February 2014.
"I have had several traumatic experiences within the national team," he said.
"Some discrimination and other just old-school mentality that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become accepted in dressing rooms, in Burrell's experience.
"It's something that has been disguised as banter and that's been the problem that I've personally suffered and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"During a period of time you just learn to believe that it's the standard and that is acceptable and that it's not malicious, but that's incorrect."
Burrell says he was finally spurred to speak out after a fellow player at Newcastle referred to him as a "enslaved person" and instructed him to put sun cream on his wrists and ankles "where your shackles were."
The rugby authority said Burrell's disclosures had led to "a deeper look at the environment within the elite game and to the introduction of an action plan for the professional game."
"We has placed considerable focus on inclusion and diversity in the sport and a substantial amount of work completed both before and after Luther Burrell came forward and shared his experiences of racism and classism," it added.
"The organization are ongoing work with teams and stakeholders in the professional game to strive for a culture of acceptance but recognize this takes time and is an continuous effort."
All Premiership and PWR club now has in-person training on building inclusive cultures, with its effectiveness tracked via specific documentation and feedback.
All England players, including age-grade squads, are trained in being "active bystanders" to intervene and defend others from damaging behaviour.
"You should be so proud of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the documentary Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"We know it has had this impact on you and finished your playing days, but in our view, you have achieved so much. We are so proud of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's father Geoff died soon after the filming of the film, and his sister passed away recently.
Burrell, who grew up on a social housing in his hometown, continues his work to make the game more accessible.
His charitable organization works to reach young people in disadvantaged communities and help them thrive both on the field with free sports coaching, guidance and dietary education.
"My motivations are pure, I want to see the evolution of the game and if others is prepared to share their story then I'll persist to advocate for that fight because I'm not just doing this for myself," he said.
"Everyone involved have an obligation to make the sport as great as it can be and the longer I talk about it hopefully the more comfortable others will feel about discussing their personal experiences as well.
"I take the bull by the horns and keep carrying this flag and continue carrying this responsibility and do what I can to create opportunities and make the sport more appealing and more inclusive.
"There are a lot of disadvantaged young people and a lot of poverty and I honestly believe that the sport has the ability to transform their futures, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a comeback to previous team Northampton in November 2022